Management of True Vaginal Prolapse in Bitch

True vaginal prolapse is a rare condition in bitch. It occurs majorly following parturition or during estrogen risei.e during estrous phase of the cycle. A two year old Grey Hound female was presented with true vaginal prolapse. The prolapse mass was largeandhyperemic. By reducing the size and with bilateral pressure we reposed the mass in. Modified Buhner sutures were applied. Hormonal therapy using HCG were given for four days. The bitch recovered eventually

Hepatoprotective activity of Eclipta alba against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats

Background: Despite the tremendous scientific advancement in the field of gastroenterology over the recent years, there is not even a single effective allopathic medication available for the treatment of liver disorders. Hence, the study was conducted to elucidate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of traditional medicinal plant Eclipta alba against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity in male albino rats.Methods: The hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extracts of E. alba was evaluated by biochemical parameters such as serum alanine transferases (ALT), serum aspartate transferases (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum bilirubin, and serum protein, and confirmed by histopathology of liver. The hepatotoxic agent CCl4 was used to induce liver toxicity and silymarin was used as a control drug. The aqueous extracts of E. alba were administered at the doses of 250 mg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day orally for 4 days. One-way Analysis of Variance was used for the statistical analysis of data. A probability value of p<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: E. alba administration at doses 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg orally demonstrated significant hepatoprotective activity by preventing the increase of ALT, AST, ALP, and serum bilirubin and also confirmed by histopathology of the liver. The results were comparable to that of silymarin.Conclusion: The results of the study confirmed the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extracts of E. alba at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. However, the dose adjustments may be necessary to optimize the similar hepatoprotective efficacy in clinical settings

A case of Dystocia due to Fetal Ascites in Murrah Buffalo

Dystocia in buffalo due to fetal causes is not common. However there are reports suggesting dystocia due to dropsical condition of fetus. Present case reports one of the fetal dropsical conditions in buffalo. In this case we report a successful management of dystocia due to fetal ascites in Murrah buffalo by incising the fetal abdomen to take out the fluid from peritoneum

Evaluation of novel methods of assessments in pharmacology to develop new attitudes and skills in Caribbean Medical School

Background: Assessment is said to drive student learning and define the curriculum. The problem-solving type of multiple choice questions (MCQs), which can be used to probe and assess medical students in pharmacology should have a clinical vignette containing presenting complaints, abstract history, physical examination and laboratory data, followed by a single or series of questions based on it. National Board of Medical Examination (NBME), USA has an extensive bank of problem-solving MCQs, and these questions are often regarded as similar in format and focus to MCQs of United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). The objective assessment of teaching and curriculum in this study is done by comparison of students’ performance in pharmacology comprehensive exam of NBME, USA before and after curriculum changes. This study was designed to obtain an objective assessment of teaching and curriculum by comparison of students’ performance in terms of student mean grades, percentage of students passed, percentage of students failed, percentage of students with honors, and individual highest scores of five semesters before and five semesters after curriculum changes in pharmacology comprehensive exam of NBME, USA among the 5th semester students of American University of the Caribbean, School of Medicine, St. Maarten.Methods: We have compared the students’ performance of pharmacology comprehensive exam of NBME using five parameters like student mean grades, percentage of students passed, percentage of students failed, percentage of students with honor, and individual highest score of five semesters May 2009, September 2009, January 2010, May 2010 and September 2010 semester batches before the introduction of curriculum changes with subsequent semesters January 2011, May 2011, September 2011, January 2012 and May 2012 semesters after the introduction of curriculum changes.Results: The pre-curriculum student performances were compared with post-curriculum changes using the Student’s t-test. The students mean scores improved significantly from 50.76 before curriculum changes to 56.54, students passed (%) increased from 94.57% before curriculum changes to 96.93% after curriculum changes and students with honors (%) increased significantly from 64.72% before curriculum change to 75.51% after curriculum changes and also seem to have remained consistently better. The students failed (%) decreased dramatically from 5.43% to 3.07% after curriculum changes. The highest individual mean score also improved significantly from 72.4 to 80.8 after curriculum changes and have remained consistent in the following semesters.Conclusions: There seems to be obvious improvements in student performance as reflected by a significant increase in mean scores, students pass (%), and students with honors (%) probably due to inclusion of problem-solving MCQs in formative and summative assessments in new curriculum compared with declarative MCQs in old curriculum. The student failed (%) decreased dramatically, which could be attributed to the changes in teaching content and format brought by curriculum changes in pharmacology. The teaching of pharmacology principles as pathophysiology of drug therapy also seemed to have prepared students better for NBME comprehensive exam and also USMLE Step 1. The clinical pharmacology exercises in small groups as role playing sessions seem to have really improved students’ comprehension and retention of the basic sciences knowledge for clinical application based on students’ feedback

A novel rapid - acting oral inhalation human insulin for diabetes mellitus: Afrezza

Afrezza is rapid-acting oral inhalation insulin that is administered at the beginning of each meal. The U.S Food and Drug Administration has approved Afrezza (insulin human) inhalation powder, a rapid-acting inhaled insulin to improve glycemic control in adults ≥18 years of age with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM or T2DM). Afrezza must be used in combination with long-acting insulin in patients with T1DM. Afrezza may be used with either oral anti-diabetic drugs or basal insulin in patients with T2DM. Afrezza should be administered via oral inhalation using Afrezza inhaler. Dosage adjustment is needed when switching from injection insulin to oral inhalation Afrezza. It is contraindicated in individuals with chronic lung disease and smokers because of the risk of the acute bronchospasm. Before initiating, Afrezza, a complete medical history, physical examination and spirometry (forced expiratory volume 1 sec) results is required in all individuals to identify the potential lung disease. Common adverse reactions in individuals treated with Afrezza include hypoglycemia, cough, throat pain or irritation, headache, and diarrhea

Automatic Lighting Mechanism on Highways during Midnight

This paper presents the key points in implementing automatic lighting mechanism on highway roads with the help of moving object detection in urban cities during midnight. The objective of the object detection system will be to detect objects confined in a particular area. The detection system will thus require important information like speed of moving objects, size of objects and number of vehicles on the road. The lighting system is responsible for switching off the lights in a particular area where the object detection monitoring system evaluates to a minimum threshold value. The lighting system will be active 350m to direction of the object moving in a particular direction

Design Analysis of Brushless Direct Current Generator

In this work, optimisation of a brushless direct current (BLDC) generator design was undertaken by carrying out an electromagnetic and computational fluid dynamic study. The studies were carried out for different loading-overloading conditions and angular speeds, keeping in consideration the required electrical and thermal parameters, firstly for the initial design and then for optimised designs. In the initial phase, transient electromagnetic simulations were done using Ansys Maxwell to estimate power output, flux densities, heat losses et al. In the next phase, steady state conjugate heat transfer simulations using frozen rotor method for rotating domains were carried out in Ansys CFX using the heat loss values obtained from electromagnetic study in the first phase. The results from conjugate heat transfer were obtained in the form of temperature and flow parameters. After a thorough study and comparison of the results for different designs, obtained in the two phases, it was seen one of the optimised designs showed better electromagnetic, thermal and flow parameters as compared to the initial design and satisfied all the optimum electrical and thermal parameters

Coupling Interval Variability Differentiates Ventricular Ectopic Complexes Arising in the Aortic Sinus of Valsalva and Great Cardiac Vein From Other Sources

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine whether premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) arising from the aortic sinuses of Valsalva (SOV) and great cardiac vein (GCV) have coupling interval (CI) characteristics that differentiate them from other ectopic foci. Background PVCs occur at relatively fixed CI from the preceding normal QRS complex in most patients. However, we observed patients with PVCs originating in unusual areas (SOV and GCV) in whom the PVC CI was highly variable. We hypothesized that PVCs from these areas occur seemingly randomly because of the lack of electrotonic effects of the surrounding myocardium. Methods Seventy-three consecutive patients referred for PVC ablation were assessed. Twelve consecutive PVC CIs were recorded. The ΔCI (maximum – minimum CI) was measured. Results We studied 73 patients (age 50 ± 16 years, 47% male). The PVC origin was right ventricular (RV) in 29 (40%), left ventricular (LV) in 17 (23%), SOV in 21 (29%), and GCV in 6 (8%). There was a significant difference between the mean ΔCI of RV/LV PVCs compared with SOV/GCV PVCs (33 ± 15 ms vs. 116 ± 52 ms, p 60 ms demonstrated a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 94%. Cardiac events were more common in the SOV/GCV group versus the RV/LV group (7 of 27 [26%] vs. 2 of 46 [4%], p < 0.02). Conclusions ΔCI is more pronounced in PVCs originating from the SOV or GCV. A ΔCI of 60 ms helps discriminate the origin of PVCs before diagnostic electrophysiological study and may be associated with increased frequency of cardiac events

Spontaneous polarization and rotational viscosity measurements on ferroelectric liquid crystals derived from trans-p-n-alkoxycinnamic acids

We report here the results of systematic measurements of spontaneous polarization and rotational viscosity on four structurally related homologous series derived from trans-p-n-alkoxycinnamic acids. The influence of alkyl chain length on the magnitude and temperature dependence of the polarization, and the effect of subtle structural changes on the rotational viscosity are discussed